House-heating apparatus.



No. 700,332. Patented may 20, I902 I. n. SMEAD.

HOUSE HEATING APPARATUS.

(Application'flled Dec, 16, 1901.)

s Shets-Shqet (No'ModeL) anmkm;

witnesses w. m em 0' No. 700,332. Pa fented May 20, 19021.

I. n. SMEAD.

HOUSE 'HE AT|NG APPARATUS.

(Application filed Dec. 16, 1901 (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2,

witnesses ms' Noam men co.. mow-Limo. wnwmn'roulp. c.

HOUSE HEATING APPARATUS.

(Application filed fDec: 16, 1901.) 4 r 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.-

(no Model.)

' Witnesses m: NORRIS PETERS 90.. rucraufua. wAsmNow n n. c,

UNITED'STATESI NT QOFF'IGE."

remiss; sMEA OF CINCINNATI-,5,OHIO."

' "HoYQ-SEf E iTI Nc j P M V sPEcInroATIon ro'rmis a -or Letters Patent ra-700,382, dated {my 20, 1992. C i I Application filed December 16,1901 serial No. 86,115.: (No model.)v u Q I ,Be" it known thatl, Isaac n; sMEA-D, a an iv zen of the United States, .residingatOincinnati, in the countyof Hamilton andState of Ohio, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in :l-louse fleating Apparatus,

' v of which-the following isa specification.

sists, primar i1y,'in a novelconstruction of a boiler forsteamor hot y*ater,'and,secondarily,

in a covering for'thesa'me,whereby'it isadapt ed to heat air-for the warming andventilation of the building, and'in anovel construe-- tion ofthe furnace for'heatingthe boiler,'t0- gether with certain det I A more fully described."

' v Figure lis a front elevation of a portable heating apparatus constructed on my. plain; Fig-.2 isatransverse-vertical section of the. same,fi Fig. 3*isa similar VlGWOfbhGSZtmfi-Ef showing the dome or covering constructed to. operate asan'additional water-heater. Fig.

4 isasimilar view showing the dome 0r covering adapted to heat'air. ,Fig'. 5 is a similar view of the apparatus as constructed for heating by steam and having a brick support and covering. Fig.6 isatransverse horizontal view on the line at wo f-Fig. 2. I Fig. 7 is a perspective view ofa tube-reducing cap, and

Fig. 8 shows the manner of applying the same to the boiler-tubes.

' The object of this invention is to produce a heating apparatus thatshall be adapted to heat all ordinary buildings, but. more espe cially dwellings, with either steam or hot wa-;

ter or with feitherof these inf combination with hot air, as mayrbe desired.

' A further object is to sojconstruct the nace which supports and heats the boiler as to produce perfect combustion, and thereby more fully utilize the fuel and: at "the same time-prevent the formation of smoke.

In order to accomplish these results, I first construct the boiler A of two sheets of steel to and b, pressed into a dome-like or herni spherical shape by means of presses constructed for the purpose, and then unite the two sheets by rivets around their lower edges, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4E, and 5. Before uniting these sheets I make a series of holes for the insertion of tubes 6, these being arranged in ails, all ashereina fter also,the'boilerisprovided withalsteam-dome f two rows ,orj circles extending entirely around th'eboilennear its lower'edge, as shown in the severalfigures. ffWhen designed .to use water,the:loweredge ofone or both sheets"- composing the boiler will be bent soas to fit -snugl.y to the; other, as represented in Figs. 2, 3,-and4, so they can be readily fastened togetherfby rivets; but when designed for stea m,'in which case it is'; necessary that the boilershall contain much-more water,I make it asshown-in Fig.5, inwhich it will be seen that the space between the shells or plates at a'nd'b is much wider and in which case thelower 7 edges of thesheet's are united-by the insertionof. a circularsheetor strip 0;, flanged and riveted in the usual manner. In this case L, as'shown in Fig. 5. -In both cases the tubes jc are inserted in the same manner, these. tubes serving tolargely in'creasethe Q,

fheatingsurface and as'the only means forf the escape or'passage of the-products 'of coming in the cover located at any desired point. -When used for steam,'the boiler-covering B will'be; composed either'of a single sheet" of metal on which is placedone or more lay:

ers ofbrick,'-as represented in Fig. 5, or it may be composed oftwosuch sheets, having the space'between them filled with any nonconducting m'aterialsuchas mineral wool,

1asbestos,plasterof-paris, or cement, as rep:

resented in Fig. 2',this latter style of cov- ,e'rin'g being equally welladapted for use with either. steam or. hot water. It is obvious that this dome-shaped cover may also be used as an additional water-heater by simply making it water-tight and providing it with an outflowrpip'efand a return or inflow pipe'g, as represented invFig. 3, these pipes either being connected with the general circulation from the boiler or to separate radiators set in rooms where a less'degree 'of heatis'needed Y or desired. So, too, it is obvious that it-may be'used for heating air instead of water by simply providing it with suitable inlets and outlets for the air, as represented in Fig. :4,

the air thus warmed being conducted where y is used, and in this way a suitable supply of 1 fresh air for ventilation can be supplied to the building when heated either by steam or hot watera very important provision for the health of the occupants, especially where the heating is effected by what is'known as direct radiation. In all cases this covering howeverconstructed or used will be provided with a series of manholes or openings having removable plates or doors M, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, by which access can be had to the space within in order to brush off occasionally the fine ash or soot which may accumulate upon the exterior of the boiler or in the tubes and which if permitted to remain lessens the heating capacity of the boiler or apparatus. These openings also serve to enable one to adjust in the tubes, as may be found necessary by the varying drafts of different chimneys and localities, the reducing-caps hereinafter described.

\Vhere the draft of the chimney is excessive, as is sometimes the case, it is desirable to reduce the area of the tubes in order to prevent the heat from passing off too rapidly, and to accomplish this I make a reducingcap a, as shown in Fig. 7. This consists of a metal disk 11, having a hole 19 at its center and provided with three legs or spurs 0, projecting at right angles from one of its faces, as shown in Fig. 7, these projections being so located that when inserted within the tube, as shown in Fig. 8, they will hold the disk securely in place, and thereby reduce the size of the opening and decrease the outflow of the hot gases from within the boiler. It is obvious that these caps can be adjusted by drawing them out a little, so as to permit the gases to escape laterally between the end of the tube and the disk, as well as through the small central opening, thereby increasing the area, or when thus drawn out the area can be decreased by shoving them in to the position shown in Fig. 8, the legs or spurs o holding themin position as adjusted. By these means the boiler can be readily adapted to all the varying conditions of draft. These when used are placed in the upper row of tubes.

There the apparatus is to be used in the larger buildings, I make the boiler of an oval instead of a circular form, thereby increasing its size by extending it lengthwise, and thus increase its capacity to any desired extent, its construction being the same in all respects except as to this modification of shape transversely.

The boilers and all their adjuncts of both styles will be made of several different sizes, so as to adapt them to all the varying needs of the public.

It will readily be seen that by making the boiler in the form shown and arranging the outlets for the products of combustion around its lower edge the heat arising from the fire pot will first strike against the concave surface of the boiler above, where it will be hold wanted the same as when a hot-air furnace as in a pocket until drawn down with uniformity all around at the sides and out through the tubes below, and thence pass over the outside. wall of the boiler to the smoke-pipe. By this construction of the boiler with its large number of small tubes I secure a heating-surface far in excess of that in ordinary boilers using the same-sized grate and secure also the application of the heat by direct rays from. the fire-two very import-ant results, and which, as experiments show, render this the most effective and economical house-heating apparatus yet produced.

In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 I have shown the best methods known to me for setting and utilizing the boiler. The smallest sizes, usually termec portable boilers, will be provided with a cast-iron support or base.

made in two sections E and F, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, in the upper one of which is constructed the fire-pot, composed of unusually thick fire-brick G and II, arranged, as shown, with passages for the admission of air, which becomes heated by contact with the highly-heated lire-brick and is then dolivered in horizontal jets above the fuel, where it unites with the gases arising from the fire, thus producing perfect combustion with intense heat, and thereby preventing the formation of smoke. These portable boilers are provided with a dome-shaped covering B, composed of two sheets of metal (Z and e, united at their base, and, as shown in Fig. 2, the space between them may be filled with any suitable non-conducting material to pre vent the escape of heat from the exteriorof the boiler, the products of combustion passing between theboiler and the covering to an outlet, which may be located at any suitable point, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3, or, if pre ferred, the space Within the covering-dome 1' maybe utilized as an additional water-heater, as shown in Fig. 3, or as an air-heater, as shown in Fi 4, in which cases it will of course be made air and water tight and be provided with suitable inlets and outlets. The oval or larger-sized boilers will preferably be set on brick, as shown in Fig. 5, in which case the covering may be constructed as above described or it may be composed of brick resting on a metallic support corresponding in shape with that of the boiler, as represented in Fig. 5. In all cases this covering will be provided with openings M, (shown in the several figures,) having doors or removable plates to afford access to the space between the boiler and its covering in order to insert or remove the tube-reducers when necessary and also to brush oit the fine ash or soot which may accumulate on the outer surface of the boiler.

I am aware that a cylindrical boiler has been patented in which a series of tubes for the es cape of the products, of combustion are shown extending in the sides to the top of the cylindrical body of the boiler, also that a boiler has been patented with a narrow sectional hood extending across thejtop and part way down one side and "that stationary tube-re} claim any of these; but, i v

fducei's have also been patented, and I do not Having fully described my 1 mpl'O Vt3 n)htS What I claim is-- 1L Aboilerco inpo'sed of twojdome-shap'ed" plates of metal united at their lower edges," and having a'seriesof tubes arranged ino'ne or morehorizontal rows near its'lower edge asherein shown and described."

2. In oomh'ination with the dome-shaped- *boiler provided with aseries of tubes an; ranged. in one or more horizontal rows near its lower edge, the dome-shaped hood com posed oftwo sheets 'or plates of metal united.

so asitobe water-tight and-provided with suitable inlets and out1ets,.said hoodlbeing of such shape and; sizeas toicompletely envelop theboiler and leave-a space all around between it and the boiler *for the passage, of

the products of combustion; substantially as and for the purpose'set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my,

name to this specification in the preseneeof two subscribing'witnesses. 1 j

-ISAAC D. SMEAD. Witnesses:, j I

ANTHONY KUEFER, -BURTON A. SMEAD. I 

